Gadgetory

so you've just finished working in your favorite image editing program and your masterpiece is ready for the art gallery your web design portfolio or even 4chan but when you go to save it you're presented with this baffling array of file format options hiss PNG BMP and come on why does Photoshop think you look like you know what a JPEG is when all you want is a picture of a got-dang hot dog well the answer Hank Hills question JPEG stands for a joint photographic experts group and despite the fancy sounding name you don't need to be an expert to use it as it's an extremely common format in the world of photo storage JPEGs are popular for a number of reasons but one of the biggest is that they save a lot of storage space compared to older formats like BMP which used to be widely used due to a simplicity and compatibility across devices but has since fallen out of favour now to achieve these space savings JPEGs use what's called lossy compression so when you save an image as a JPEG some of that image data actually gets discarded to reduce the file size now the way that it does this is it compares every 8 by 8 block of pixels that make up the image a 64 standard patterns then determines how much weight each of those 64 patterns contributes to that block afterwards the higher frequency or more checkerboard light patterns you see to the lower right have their respective ways forward by an amount that depends on the JPEG quality setting as your eyes aren't really all that good as seeing lots of brightness differences over a small area this means that often times these higher frequency patterns end up contributing nothing to the compressed image which is the main way JPEG compression can reduce photos down to just around 10% of their uncompressed file size with very little loss of perceptible quality but there's a catch JPEG compression works best with photos because the detail in the photo tends to hide compression artifacts JPEG struggles with sharp edges and curves you often find in non photographic images such as diagrams or design elements on webpages for these a much better format is the graphics interchange format commonly known as a gif or Jif well however you pronounce it gifts use lossless compression making them ideal for simpler images like corporate logos because you won't end up with any of those nasty artifacts that are easier to see in a clean simple design gifts can also vary notably even be animated by showing multiple images in rapid succession but their huge drawback is that they're only limited to 256 colors meaning they often appear grainy when used for more complex images so then if you want no loss in image quality without the huge file sizes what do you do well this is where you might turn to the increasingly popular PNG format which stands for portable Network graphics now as the name suggests it was designed to be useful for sending images over the internet now PNG s can reduce the file sizes of graphics heavy images without introducing compression artifacts the way JPEG and gif can though the lossless compression means your file sizes will be larger so keep this trade-off in mind but it's not all about image quality versus file size PNG also supports transparency meaning images and web browsers can understand that certain areas of the image are meant to be transparent allowing more flexibility in how the image is used of course there are times when image quality is of paramount importance and your honor is concerned about file sizes such as in professional photography settings where kist is a popular format now all those tips can use compression it also supports uncompressed images as well as many different color spaces and other options making it popular among photographers and printers it's also increasingly common to run across images in the scalable vector graphics or SVG format which can be resized as much as you like with no loss in quality meaning file sizes are usually very small and you can learn much more about vector graphics right up here and there's actually one important format that isn't really a format at all raw images which are also sometimes referred to as digital negatives now just like a negative from an old 35 millimeter film camera a raw file isn't an actual picture but it contains the information needed to create one so it's a very lightly process file that contains as much of the original information captured by the camera sensor itself as possible RAW files typically require special codecs to open them on a desktop image as er but RAW images are favored by photographers because having all of that original data opens up so many more editing options such as more granular control over brightness and colors than would otherwise be possible now some raw formats and they are not all the same even allow things like white balance or overexposure to be corrected after the fact whoa then after editing RAW images can just be saved as whatever format makes the most sense so I hope this video has made it a bit clearer why there are so many different formats for something that seems as simple as displaying images and if it has let us know if you'd like to see future episodes that explain other kinds of file formats for things like audio and video tunnel Bayer VPN lets you tell to 20 different countries allowing you to browse the internet and use all online services as if you were in a different country they have easy-to-use apps for iOS Android PC and Mac and also a Chrome extension just choose a country the app turn tunnel bear on and one since you're a bear tunnels your internet connection to your new location when you turn tunnel bear on two things happen first your connection gets encrypted with AES 256-bit encryption and second your public IP address gets switched so you can show up as your in a different country total bear lets you bypass all of the annoying details that typically come with using a VPN for personal use there's no need to mess 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